Materials of Interest and Associated Crystal Growth Techniques

Paper dois:
1: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.09370

Authors: Tanya Berry^1-3, Nicholas Ng^1-2, Tyrel M. McQueen^1-2,4

Corresponding email: tberry@ucdavis.edu, nng3@jhu.edu, and mcqueen@jhu.edu

Author affiliations:
¹: Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
²: Institute for Quantum Matter, William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
³: Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
⁴: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States

Single crystal growth is a widely explored method of synthesizing materials in the solid state. The last few decades have seen significant improvements in the techniques used to synthesize single crystals, and much of this information has been collected and distributed via a number of different papers and textbooks for the novice. However, what is often missing from these resources are perspectives on how to use these techniques in unusual ways, frequently combining aspects from different fields of chemistry. These variations on known single crystal growth techniques can help effect successful crystal growth in situations where the conventional technique might otherwise fail, as well as providing potential control over structure defects. We present a paper that informs readers about known single crystal growth techniques, lesser-known variations on these techniques that have assisted in the optimization of defect control as well as enabling unconventional materials syntheses, and pre-growth processing methods that can help raise the chances of successful single crystal growth. We also provide examples a number of examples of materials that have been successfully synthesized with each individual technique, many of which have present use cases such as oxides for laser development. Finally, we offer a case study focusing on the floating zone technique, in which we delve into the mechanisms of action, the use of laser diodes, and some challenges that present themselves. The presence of all of these sections in a single paper will assist novice crystal growers in comparing, contrasting, and ultimately selecting a suitable technique or techniques for their experiments. We also offer a perspective on how to think about these synthesis methods in a larger scheme. For example, we consider the temperature interdependence with the reaction time as well as ways to carry out synthesis to scale up and address some outstanding synthesis challenges.

In this DOI repository, we present a number of examples of materials that have been successfully synthesized with each individual technique, many of which have present use cases, as well as our full list of references for our corresponding paper.

Keywords: Crystal growth, Materials, Solid state, Crystal growth techniques

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